Injected vaccines are strong inducers of systemic (circulating) antibodies but fail at avoiding infection and transmission of pathogens. Mucosal administration of vaccines is a solution to induce a strong mucosal immunity (in particular secreting antibodies) at the portal of entry of most of the pathogens. However, the vaccine vectors have to be especially designed and optimised for mucopenetration. Due to their original design, different to the classical LNP, these nanovectors need new protocols to evaluate: (1) encapsulation efficiency of mRNA when the use of detergent to dissolve the particle is not applicable; (2) the concentration of antigen proteins to characterise sub-unit vaccines.
In this talk, we will cover design considerations for nanoparticle, sub-unit, and other nanovectors for mucosal vaccination, and how to overcome their characterisation challenges with the latest analytical techniques.