Don’t shoot the messenger: non‑viral delivery’s real‑world revolution

Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 2026; 12(5), 503–507

10.18609/cgti.2026.058

Published: 11 June
Commentary
Ryan T Coones , Denis Besic

Non‑viral delivery systems (such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric carriers, lipid‑polymer hybrids, etc.) are no longer only an enabling technology. They are becoming a big player in advanced and personalised medicines reaching patients at scale. As the complexity of the therapeutic systems increase, so does the inadequacy of the existing analytical and regulatory frameworks designed to describe and manage them. This text asserts that fit‑for‑purpose evaluation frameworks will not arise from within a single sector alone, but requires structured, sustained, and reciprocal dialogue between the develop, the regulator, the instrument manufacturers, and the clinicians. The current state of analytical practice is based on techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and RiboGreen fluorescence assays through to cell‑based potency measurements, where compliance with requirements which emerge from the regulated environment quality control plays a key role. Emerging structural characterization, such as that enabled at synchrotron facilities, are becoming more eminent and contribute strong fundamental scientific insight. Such improvement and expansion of control strategies is clearly needed and requires collective and collaborative investment.

Non-viral delivery systems are no longer only an enabling technology – they are becoming a central platform for advanced and personalized medicines. As therapeutic complexity grows, so does the inadequacy of analytical and regulatory frameworks designed to describe them. Fit-for-purpose evaluation requires structured, sustained, and reciprocal dialogue across developers, regulators, instrument manufacturers, and clinicians.

01
Why routine analytical tools (DLS, RiboGreen, cell-based potency assays) have critical limitations that directly affect batch-release decisions for LNP-based therapies
02
How ICH Q2(R2) and Q14 are shifting analytical strategy toward lifecycle approaches – and why their application to personalized medicines remains largely theoretical
03
What collaborative infrastructure is needed to translate the science of non-viral delivery into safe, efficacious, and reproducible medicines for the next generation of patients
Non-viral Delivery
Lipid Nanoparticles
Analytical Characterisation
mRNA Therapeutics
Regulatory Strategy
Personalised Medicine
ICH Q14
Gene Delivery